On the base of the data ( 1961 - 2000 ) from 181 meteorological observation stations and national water resources bulletin , as well as related yearbooks , the current situation of water resources shortage and the severe situation of water resources of future are analysed , and the paper points out that reasonable adjustment of agricultural structure , enhance water using efficiency of agriculture is one of the important ways to lighten the shortage of water resources , realize the sustainable utilization of water resources , retard drying tendency and increase the anti - drought capability of agriculture 本論文利用1961 - 2000年北方半干旱區(qū)181個常規(guī)氣象站的氣象資料、 《中國水資源公報》資料和有關(guān)年鑒資料,分別從我國北方半干旱區(qū)氣候變化規(guī)律和水資源演變規(guī)律與利用現(xiàn)狀出發(fā),分析了半干旱區(qū)水資源短缺的現(xiàn)狀和未來更加嚴峻的形勢,指出合理的調(diào)整農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),提高農(nóng)業(yè)水分利用效率是解決半干旱區(qū)水資源短缺,實現(xiàn)水資源可持續(xù)利用,減緩干旱化趨勢,增加農(nóng)業(yè)抗旱能力的重要途徑之一。